{"id":13534,"date":"2025-01-22T15:06:06","date_gmt":"2025-01-22T15:06:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.magna.org\/cs\/?p=13534"},"modified":"2025-01-22T15:06:08","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T15:06:08","slug":"afganistan-dnes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.magna.org\/cs\/reportaze-cs\/afganistan-dnes\/","title":{"rendered":"Afganistan dnes"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Foto a text: Martin Band\u017e\u00e1k (publikovan\u00e9 v \u010dasopise .t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Vojna sa skon\u010dila. Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty s\u00fa pre\u010d u\u017e 2 roky. Taliban napriek s\u013eubom posiela krajinu sp\u00e4\u0165 do minulosti.<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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Odch\u00e1dzame z K\u00e1bulu skoro r\u00e1no. Prem\u00e1vka v tomto vy\u0161e 8 mili\u00f3novom hlavnom meste Afganistanu je hektick\u00e1 a teda sk\u00fa\u0161ame opusti\u0165 mesto sk\u00f4r ako za\u010dne ka\u017edodenn\u00fd chaos v uliciach. \u010cak\u00e1 n\u00e1s 16 hodinov\u00e1 cesta po dia\u013enici, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00e1ja sever, juh, v\u00fdchod a z\u00e1pad krajiny tzv. ring road<\/em>. Dia\u013enicu prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t postavil v 50. a 60. rokoch Sovietsky zv\u00e4z a v roku 2003, ke\u010f bol \u00fasek K\u00e1bul-Kandah\u00e1r opraven\u00fd a znovu otvoren\u00fd Spojen\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00e1tmi, predstavovala slovami vtedaj\u0161ieho americk\u00e9ho ve\u013evyslanca \u201ecestu do bud\u00facnosti Afganistanu\u201c.  St\u00e1la stovky mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov a o dvadsa\u0165 rokov nesk\u00f4r je jej rozbit\u00e1 vozovka svedectvom udalost\u00ed a nekontrolovan\u00e9ho n\u00e1silia, ktor\u00e9 namiesto toho nasledovali. Severn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 cesty tzv \u201eSalang road\u201c <\/em>sp\u00e1ja 8 provinci\u00ed a vedie do mesta Mazaar Sharif. O asfalte po p\u00e1r kilometroch od K\u00e1bulu m\u00f4\u017eeme len sn\u00edva\u0165 a \u00faplne sa str\u00e1ca za odbo\u010dkou, ktor\u00e1 vedie do \u00fadolia Pand\u017e\u0161\u00edr, legend\u00e1rnej ba\u0161ty odporu pod veden\u00edm zosnul\u00e9ho velite\u013ea Ahmad Shah Massoud, ktor\u00e9 sovietska arm\u00e1da a ani prv\u00e1 vl\u00e1da Talibanu nikdy nedok\u00e1zali skroti\u0165. Pand\u017e\u0161\u00edr op\u00e4\u0165 vydr\u017eal najdlh\u0161ie aj v lete 2021, ke\u010f padli v r\u00fdchlom slede v\u0161etky ostatn\u00e9 provincie, ale bojovn\u00edci Talibanu napokon prelomili jeho m\u00fdtus o nepreniknute\u013enosti.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Cesta je posiata kr\u00e1termi od v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00edn Talibanu, opakovane mus\u00edme \u0161liapa\u0165 na brzdy, aby sme sa vyhli nehod\u00e1m. Nad tret\u00ed prevodov\u00fd stupe\u0148 n\u00e1\u0161 \u0161of\u00e9r prerad\u00ed len m\u00e1lokedy. \u017dobraj\u00face vdovy v burk\u00e1ch a deti s lopatami v ruk\u00e1ch s\u00fa znakom, \u017ee treba spomali\u0165 e\u0161te viac ked\u017ee nasleduj\u00fa e\u010dasti cesty kde ju bomby po\u0161kodili e\u0161te viac. Nepr\u00edtomnos\u0165 ak\u00fdchko\u013evek oprav\u00e1rov ciest je pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165ou pre deti, ktor\u00e9si vyp\u013a\u0148an\u00edm v\u00fdmo\u013eov a ru\u010dne rozb\u00edjan\u00edm kame\u0148ov od \u00fasvitu do noci dok\u00e1\u017eu za sprepitn\u00e9 od vodi\u010dov v dobr\u00fd de\u0148 zarobi\u0165 dva dol\u00e1re.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Dobytok a kozy sa hem\u017eia na cest\u00e1ch neust\u00e1le a \u010dastokr\u00e1t n\u00e1s zastavia aj na nieko\u013eko desiatok min\u00fat. E\u0161te dlh\u0161ie stoj\u00edme na nespo\u010detn\u00fdch kontroln\u00fdch stanovi\u0161tiach. <\/em>Na\u0161e auto je nen\u00e1padn\u00e9, bez klimatiz\u00e1cie s otvoren\u00fdmi oknami. Sed\u00edm vpredu, oble\u010den\u00fd v tradi\u010dn\u00fdch oble\u010den\u00ed a na hlave mam tradi\u010dn\u00fd pokrievku hlavy pakol. Pod\u013ea slov kolegov vyzer\u00e1m ako miestni, niektor\u00ed hovoria, \u017ee som z Nuristanu, \u010do je jedna z najviac tradi\u010dn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed Afganistanu. To n\u00e1m samozrejme pom\u00e1ha prech\u00e1dza\u0165 kontroln\u00e9 stanovi\u0161tia Talibanu r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie. Pokia\u013e sa m\u00f4j poh\u013ead s miestnym talibansk\u00fdm vojakom nespoj\u00ed a nesmeruje ot\u00e1zky priamo na m\u0148a prech\u00e1dzame len m\u00e1vnut\u00edm ruky. Ke\u010f pr\u00eddu na to, \u017ee im nerozumiem, teda na ich ot\u00e1zky reagujem len \u00fasmevom a zis\u0165uj\u00fa \u017ee som cudzinec c\u00edtia sa a\u017e zahanben\u00fd, \u017ee ma neodhalili sk\u00f4r. \u010castokr\u00e1t potom nast\u00e1vaj\u00fa a\u017e komick\u00e9 situ\u00e1cie. Pri na\u0161om aute sa z\u00edde cel\u00e1 policajn\u00e1 stanica a v\u0161etci na m\u0148a pokukuj\u00fa. Velite\u013e sa ma akou takou angli\u010dtinou p\u00fdta ako sa mi p\u00e1\u010di a \u010di sa c\u00edtim bezpe\u010dne…  odpoved\u00e1m, \u017ee relat\u00edvne \u00e1no, aj ke\u010f v pozad\u00ed na m\u0148a miestny Talib v sand\u00e1loch mieri protipancierovkou. Nosenie zbran\u00ed je tu samozrejmos\u0165ou, pod\u013ea kala\u0161nikova na pleci spozn\u00e1\u0161 Taliba.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Cestujem s doktorom Baqim, MAGNA hlavn\u00fdm koordin\u00e1torom zdravotn\u00edckych aktiv\u00edt v krajine. Doktor Baqi u\u017e 25 rokov pracuje pre humanit\u00e1rne zdravotn\u00edcke organiz\u00e1cie a hovor\u00ed mi, \u017ee som prv\u00fd zahrani\u010dn\u00fd pracovn\u00edk, ktor\u00fd za jeho p\u00f4sobenia pre\u0161iel po zemi 12 provincii a aj pre neho je to unik\u00e1tna pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 vidie\u0165 krajinu takto zbl\u00edzka. Situ\u00e1cia sa v\u00fdrazne zmenila a za ur\u010dit\u00fdch pravidiel m\u00f4\u017eem takto \u201ebezpe\u010dne\u201c cestova\u0165. \u00c1no v krajine po prebrat\u00ed moci nastal relat\u00edvny pokoj, bomby pod autami tu nevybuchuj\u00fa ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148, t\u00ed \u010do to robili doteraz s\u00fa pri moci. Ostatn\u00e9 skupiny ako Islamsk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t s\u00fa oslaben\u00e9 a nemaj\u00fa na n\u00e1silnosti dostatok finan\u010dn\u00fdch zdrojov. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Po ceste opakovane m\u00ed\u0148ame opusten\u00e9 b\u00fdval\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladne, odstaven\u00e9 rozbit\u00e9 americk\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 Humvee, nefunk\u010dn\u00e9 sovietske tanky e\u0161te z obdobia okup\u00e1cie 1979 \u2013 1989. Tie poh\u013eady s\u00fa bizardn\u00e9. Prech\u00e1dzame cez 2,6 kilometrov dlh\u00fd tunel Salang v nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ke 3,400 metrov, ktor\u00fd pret\u00edna pohorie Hind\u00faku\u0161, ktor\u00e9 odde\u013euje sever krajiny od K\u00e1bulu a je dodnes odv\u00e1\u017enym po\u010dinomsovietskeho in\u017einierstva, ktor\u00fd bol pri otvoren\u00ed v roku 1964 navrhnut\u00fd tak, aby dok\u00e1zal zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 tis\u00edc vozidiel denne. Dnes sa prechod zvrhol na zablaten\u00fa dieru a \u0161achtu pln\u00fa smogu, cez ktor\u00fa denne prejde a\u017e 9 000 vozidiel. Ke\u010f vch\u00e1dzame do \u00fastia tunela, chrl\u00ed sa dym, vidite\u013enos\u0165 kles\u00e1 na nulu a v\u0161etci d\u00fafame, \u017ee nedostaneme defekt a neuviazneme vo vn\u00fatri. V decembri 2022 tu vybuchol tanker a zomrelo 31 \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Smerujeme do nemocnice v oblasti Balkh. Slovensk\u00e1 humanit\u00e1rna organiz\u00e1cia MAGNA tu a v in\u00fdch \u010dastiach krajiny poskytuje zdravotn\u00fa a nutri\u010dn\u00fa pomoc. Napriek s\u013eubenej amnestii pre b\u00fdval\u00fdch nepriate\u013eov a re\u0161pektovaniu pr\u00e1v men\u0161\u00edn a \u017eien Taliban vykonal s\u00fahrnn\u00e9 popravy vl\u00e1dnych s\u00edl, ktor\u00e9 sa vzdali, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak nedok\u00e1zal zastavi\u0165 sekt\u00e1rske \u00fatoky a agres\u00edvne vymazal snahy o inkl\u00faziu \u017eien \u2013zak\u00e1zal vzdel\u00e1vanie pre diev\u010dat\u00e1, op\u00e4tovne zaviedol dekr\u00e9ty, ktor\u00e9 \u017een\u00e1m zakazuj\u00fa cestova\u0165 bez mu\u017esk\u00e9ho pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho, chodi\u0165 do parkov v rovnak\u00fd de\u0148 ako mu\u017ei alebo ukazova\u0165 svoju tv\u00e1r na verejnosti. Od prevzatia moci Talibanom ekonomika silne z\u00e1visl\u00e1 od pomoci vyschla a pod\u013ea Svetov\u00e9ho potravinov\u00e9ho programu zostalo 95 percent popul\u00e1cie hladn\u00fdch. Existuj\u00fa roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy o tom, \u017ee rodi\u010dia pred\u00e1vaj\u00fa dc\u00e9ry do skor\u00e9ho man\u017eelstva, aby si mohli dovoli\u0165 jedlo pre svoje rodiny, a predaj obli\u010diek na transplant\u00e1ciu je op\u00e4\u0165 na vzostupe.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Afganistan mimoriadne tvrdo zasiahla straten\u00e1 pomoc, sankcie a zmrazenie akt\u00edv spolu s n\u00edzkou \u00farodou a pravidelne tuhou zimou.Na oddelen\u00ed podv\u00fd\u017eivy v MAGNA nemocnici Aaisha ovieva svoju vna kos\u0165 vychudnut\u00fa dc\u00e9ru Khadiju, ktorej stek\u00e1 inf\u00fazi\u00e1. Vo veku dev\u00e4\u0165 mesiacov v\u00e1\u017ei Khadija menej ako 5 kilogramov. MAGNA nutri\u010dn\u00e1 sestra Bastela vid\u00ed mesa\u010dne 50 a\u017e sto pr\u00edpadov \u0165a\u017ekej podv\u00fd\u017eivy a o\u010dak\u00e1va \u010fal\u0161ie. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Ke\u010f sa Taliban vr\u00e1til k moci, mnoho vy\u0161kolen\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edckych pracovn\u00edkov utieklo. \u201eTeraz nem\u00e1me dostatok lek\u00e1rov a ani z\u00e1sob na lie\u010dbu \u013eud\u00ed,” hovor\u00ed doktor Baqi. Aj jeho p\u00e4\u0165 dc\u00e9r m\u00e1 zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 pokra\u010dova\u0165 vo vzdel\u00e1van\u00ed, jedna pritom u\u017e bola na medic\u00edne a teraz ju \u010dak\u00e1 nejasn\u00e1 bud\u00facnos\u0165. Napriek v\u0161etk\u00e9mu ver\u00ed, \u017ee bud\u00fa ma\u0165 aj jeho deti mo\u017enos\u0165 pokra\u010dova\u0165 v pr\u00e1ci a lie\u010di\u0165 a pom\u00e1ha\u0165 de\u0165om a rodin\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 sa ocitli v extr\u00e9mnej n\u00fadzi, ako to rob\u00ed dnes on aj v\u010faka pomoci zo Slovenska. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Foto a text: Martin Band\u017e\u00e1k (publikovan\u00e9 v \u010dasopise .t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148) Vojna sa skon\u010dila. Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty s\u00fa pre\u010d u\u017e 2 roky. Taliban napriek s\u013eubom posiela krajinu sp\u00e4\u0165 do minulosti. Odch\u00e1dzame z K\u00e1bulu skoro r\u00e1no. Prem\u00e1vka v tomto vy\u0161e 8 mili\u00f3novom hlavnom meste Afganistanu je hektick\u00e1 a teda sk\u00fa\u0161ame opusti\u0165 mesto sk\u00f4r ako za\u010dne ka\u017edodenn\u00fd chaos v uliciach. \u010cak\u00e1 n\u00e1s 16 hodinov\u00e1 cesta po dia\u013enici, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11454,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[438],"tags":[],"post_country":[],"post_year":[],"post_layout":[],"post_topic":[],"class_list":["post-13534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reportaze-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAfganistan dnes - Magna<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.magna.org\/cs\/reportaze-cs\/afganistan-dnes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Afganistan dnes - Magna\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Foto a text: Martin Band\u017e\u00e1k (publikovan\u00e9 v \u010dasopise .t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148) Vojna sa skon\u010dila. Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty s\u00fa pre\u010d u\u017e 2 roky. Taliban napriek s\u013eubom posiela krajinu sp\u00e4\u0165 do minulosti. Odch\u00e1dzame z K\u00e1bulu skoro r\u00e1no. 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