25. listopad je Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm dnem eliminace n\u00e1sil\u00ed na \u017een\u00e1ch. Tento rok je zam\u011b\u0159en specificky na boj proti zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed. N\u00e1sil\u00ed v\u016f\u010di \u017een\u00e1m a d\u00edvk\u00e1m je toti\u017e jedn\u00edm z nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se z n\u011bj stal i n\u00e1stroj v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch konflikt\u016f.<\/p>\n
Fyzick\u00e9 nebo sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed podle odhad\u016f za\u017eila ka\u017ed\u00e1 t\u0159et\u00ed \u017eena ve sv\u011bt\u011b. V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech byl n\u00e1siln\u00edkem jejich partner a v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech n\u00e1sil\u00ed \u017eeny nenahl\u00e1sili, proto\u017ee je spojeno se stigmatizac\u00ed \u010di ve\u0159ejnou hanbou a pon\u00ed\u017een\u00edm, ale tak\u00e9 s beztrestnost\u00ed pachatel\u016f.<\/p>\n
B\u011bhem konfliktu v Bosn\u011b na po\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let se ob\u011bt\u00ed zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed stalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 20.000 a\u017e 50.000 \u017een. B\u011bhem genocidy ve Rwand\u011b v roce 1994 zn\u00e1silnili 250.000 a\u017e 500.000 \u017een. V Demokratick\u00e9 republice Kongo podle pr\u016fzkumu z roku 2011 bylo za sv\u016fj \u017eivot zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00fdch 1,69 a\u017e 1,8 milionu \u017een.<\/p>\n
“Ned\u00e1vno jsem se z\u00fa\u010dastnila konference v Rwand\u011b v Kigali. V r\u00e1mci odborn\u00e9ho programu psychologick\u00e9 pomoci jsme hovo\u0159ili i s ob\u011b\u0165mi. Tak jako mnohokr\u00e1t p\u0159edt\u00edm, i ob\u011bti n\u00e1sil\u00ed z Konga, Rwandy, se kter\u00fdmi jsem tam mluvila, potvrdili, \u017ee sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed zni\u010d\u00ed cel\u00fd \u017eivot. ,Ka\u017ed\u00e9 r\u00e1no se mus\u00edm p\u0159em\u00e1hat za\u010d\u00edt nov\u00fd den, naj\u00edt d\u016fvod p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt ho a necht\u00edt zem\u0159\u00edt ka\u017edou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed hodinu,’ \u0159ekla jedna z nich,” \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 opera\u010dn\u00ed \u0159editelka MAGNA Denisa August\u00ednov\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed na \u017een\u00e1ch a d\u00edvk\u00e1ch je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed konflikt\u016f v Ji\u017en\u00edm S\u00fad\u00e1nu \u010di v zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 KDR. I \u017eeny v Ir\u00e1ku a v S\u00fdrii se staly ob\u011b\u0165mi zn\u00e1sil\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a sexu\u00e1ln\u00edmi otrokyn\u011bmi teroristick\u00e9 organizace ISIS. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy pacientek MAGNA se podobaj\u00ed. Hovo\u0159\u00ed o tom, jak p\u0159i\u0161la arm\u00e1da nebo milice, obkl\u00ed\u010dili vesnici, mu\u017ee povra\u017edili, \u017eeny a d\u00edvky zn\u00e1sil\u0148ovali. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny na\u0161ich program\u016f je i pomoc ob\u011btem sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho a genderov\u00e9ho n\u00e1sil\u00ed (Sexual and Gender Based Violence – SGBV). V roce 2018 MAGNA pomohla v\u00edce ne\u017e 3.000 ob\u011btem sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1sil\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed desetitis\u00edce pro\u0161ly na\u0161imi vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi a psychologick\u00fdmi programy.<\/p>\n
Zku\u0161enosti MAGNA ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b zdravotnick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v na\u0161ich projektech jsou \u010dasto jedin\u00fdm m\u00edstem, kde dok\u00e1\u017eeme identifikovat ob\u011bti sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1sil\u00ed. Speci\u00e1ln\u011b vy\u0161kolen\u00fd person\u00e1l ob\u011btem poskytne urgentn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159skou pomoc, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby chirurgick\u00e9 o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, prevenci \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pohlavn\u00edch chorob, psychologickou pomoc apod.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed m\u00e1 toti\u017e r\u016fzn\u00e9 podoby:<\/p>\n
– intimn\u00ed partnersk\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed (t\u00fdr\u00e1n\u00ed, psychologick\u00e9 zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed v man\u017eelstv\u00ed …);<\/p>\n
– sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed a obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed (zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed, nucen\u00e9 sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed akty, necht\u011bn\u00e9 sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed praktiky, sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed, nucen\u00e9 man\u017eelstv\u00ed, obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed na ulici nebo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010de \u010di mobiln\u00edho telefonu, pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed);<\/p>\n
– obchod s lidmi (otroctv\u00ed, sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed);<\/p>\n
– mrza\u010den\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f;<\/p>\n
– man\u017eelstv\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed (nucen\u00e9 s\u0148atky d\u00edvek mlad\u0161\u00edch 18 let)<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n