{"id":8830,"date":"2009-05-05T14:04:58","date_gmt":"2009-05-05T14:04:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.magna.org\/fr\/cyklon-nargis-rok-po-katastrofe-2\/"},"modified":"2022-12-03T15:33:09","modified_gmt":"2022-12-03T15:33:09","slug":"cyklon-nargis-rok-po-katastrofe-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.magna.org\/fr\/sk\/uncategorized\/cyklon-nargis-rok-po-katastrofe-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Cykl\u00f3n Nargis v Barme: rok po katastrofe"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kr\u00e1\u010dam po vysu\u0161enej zemi a d\u00edvam sa na spusto\u0161en\u00fa krajinu. Nijak\u00e9 domy, zvierat\u00e1, takmer nijak\u00fd \u017eivot. Len ob\u010das zni\u010den\u00e9 stromy, zvy\u0161ky bambusov\u00fdch striech, zop\u00e1r roztr\u00fasen\u00fdch rod\u00edn.\u00a0 Tak vyzer\u00e1 delta rieky Irrawaddy rok po cykl\u00f3ne Nargis. Miestni sa mi v\u0161ak st\u00e1le prihov\u00e1raj\u00fa. Z ka\u017edej strany po\u010d\u00favam, ko\u013eko \u013eud\u00ed zomrelo. Pripad\u00e1m si ako v mesa\u010dnej krajine. \u201ePane, vyzujte sa,\u201c vrav\u00ed mi ktosi. Pros\u00edm? \u201eKr\u00e1\u010date po buddhistickom chr\u00e1me,\u201c znie neuverite\u013en\u00e9 zd\u00f4vodnenie. Znovu sa obzriem a napriek pochybnostiam posl\u00fachnem. Z chr\u00e1mu nezostalo ni\u010d. Len pozostal\u00ed sa sem chodia \u010falej modli\u0165 a k\u013ea\u010dia na popraskanej p\u00f4de.

.strach gener\u00e1lov<\/strong>
Cykl\u00f3n Nargis bol jednou z najv\u00e1\u017enej\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch katastrof, ktor\u00e9 za posledn\u00e9 storo\u010die zasiahli \u00e1zijsk\u00fd kontinent. Pred rokom sa prehnal cez Mjanmarsko a vy\u017eiadal si viac ne\u017e 138-tis\u00edc m\u0155tvych alebo nezvestn\u00fdch a zanechal takmer 2,4 mili\u00f3na postihnut\u00fdch. Potvrdili sa odhady, \u017ee takmer 40 percent obet\u00ed po ni\u010divom cykl\u00f3ne tvorili deti. Najhor\u0161ia situ\u00e1cia bola a st\u00e1le zost\u00e1va v delte rieky Irrawaddy, najm\u00e4 v mest\u00e1ch Bogalay a Labutta.
Do b\u00fdval\u00e9ho hlavn\u00e9ho mesta Yangon som pred rokom priletel kr\u00e1tko po cykl\u00f3ne. (B\u00fdval\u00e9ho preto, \u017ee junta si v posledn\u00fdch rokoch vybudovala nov\u00e9 modern\u00e9 hlavn\u00e9 mesto Naypyidaw, kam pres\u0165ahovala rodiny gener\u00e1lov a v\u0161etky \u00farady). Mnoh\u00e9 \u010dasti Yangonu vtedy nemali funk\u010dn\u00fa elektrinu, internet fungoval len ve\u013emi obmedzene \u2013 ten v\u0161ak nefunguje skoro nikdy bez oh\u013eadu na cykl\u00f3n \u2013, telefonova\u0165 sa dalo iba s \u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ami. Pol\u00e1man\u00e9 stromy a dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 ceny potrav\u00edn a benz\u00ednu \u2013 tak\u00fd bol z\u00e1kladn\u00fd obraz situ\u00e1cie. \u201eNekonzumujte ryby,\u201c radili mi miestni znalci. D\u00f4vod ob\u00e1v? Predstavitelia vl\u00e1dnucej vojenskej garnit\u00fary informovali verejnos\u0165, \u017ee ryby posl\u00fa\u017eia ako \u201epr\u00edrodn\u00fd likvid\u00e1tor\u201c m\u0155tvych tiel po cykl\u00f3ne. Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed humanit\u00e1rni pracovn\u00edci medzit\u00fdm \u010dakali cel\u00e9 dni a\u017e t\u00fd\u017edne na v\u00edza v okolit\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch.
Arm\u00e1da vydala po cykl\u00f3ne nezmyseln\u00fd z\u00e1kaz vstupu humanit\u00e1rnych pracovn\u00edkov do postihnutej oblasti. \u010coho sa ob\u00e1vala? Naru\u0161enia u\u017e aj tak rozvr\u00e1tenej krajiny? Oslabenia vlastnej moci? Odhalenia vlastnej neschopnosti? \u013dudia postihnut\u00ed katastrofou zost\u00e1vali bez akejko\u013evek pomoci. Re\u017eim napokon povolil vstup a distrib\u00faciu pomoci len dom\u00e1cim pracovn\u00edkom alebo jednotlivcom. Cudzinci pom\u00e1ha\u0165 nemohli, a tak sa mnoh\u00ed tunaj\u0161\u00ed obyvatelia rozhodli venova\u0165 jedlo, o\u0161atenie a vlastn\u00e9 ruky na pomoc bl\u00ed\u017enym. Dom\u00e1ci t\u00fdm v\u0161ak riskovali \u2013 po nieko\u013ek\u00fdch d\u0148och sa junte znep\u00e1\u010dilo, ko\u013eko \u013eud\u00ed mieri do postihnutej delty. Za\u010dalo sa zat\u00fdkanie, vyhr\u00e1\u017eky, tresty. Nezdalo sa v\u0161ak, \u017ee by to za\u00fa\u010dinkovalo. Mjanmar\u010dania sa u\u017e d\u00e1vno nau\u010dili pohybova\u0165 v spleti z\u00e1kazov \u010di obmedzen\u00ed a po\u010dty obetav\u00fdch dobrovo\u013en\u00edkov neklesali.<\/p>\n

.kedy sa skon\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 trest?<\/strong>
\u201ePre\u017eila som, ale neviem pre\u010do. Nem\u00e1m ni\u010d. Jedlo, strechu nad hlavou, rodinu. Nedok\u00e1zala som zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 svoje deti. Dr\u017eala som ich pevne, ale nesta\u010dilo to. Dc\u00e9rku Nu som neudr\u017eala, mala len dva roky. Syn Mya sa utopil, hoci som ho dr\u017eala. Aspo\u0148 som ho mohla v pokoji pochova\u0165. Ak\u00e1 som to matka? S\u00fa n\u00e1s tis\u00edce, s\u00fa tis\u00edce m\u0155tvych, ale nevieme, \u010do s nami bude, ani kedy sa skon\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 trest.\u201c Slov\u00e1 Ma Sein, jednej zo \u017eien, ktor\u00e9 pre\u017eili, kop\u00edruj\u00fa desiatky podobn\u00fdch pr\u00edbehov, ak\u00e9 som si vypo\u010dul v \u00c1zii po\u010das cunami. Tie pr\u00edbehy sa jeden druh\u00e9mu podobaj\u00fa, to v\u0161ak len umoc\u0148uje ich hr\u00f4zu. V\u0161ade z\u00fafal\u00ed pozostal\u00ed, pres\u00eddlenci, m\u013akvi postihnut\u00ed v ute\u010deneck\u00fdch t\u00e1boroch. A hodiny nekone\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dakania. \u010cakania na nov\u00fd \u017eivot.
Chceli sme pom\u00e1ha\u0165, no pre z\u00e1kazy \u00faradov to bolo ve\u013emi komplikovan\u00e9. Na\u0161\u0165astie nie nemo\u017en\u00e9. Slovensk\u00e1 organiz\u00e1cia Magna Deti v n\u00fadzi, ktor\u00e1 je u\u017e dlh\u0161ie etablovan\u00e1 v Kambod\u017ei, poslala do Mjanmarska z\u00e1sielku zdravotn\u00edckeho materi\u00e1lu a liekov. Aj napriek byrokracii a obmedzeniam, z ktor\u00fdch potom vypl\u00fdvali trpko \u00fasmevn\u00e9 prvenstv\u00e1. E\u0161te nikto nikdy toti\u017e nevyv\u00e1\u017eal zdravotn\u00edcku pomoc z biednej Kambod\u017ee do inej krajiny.\u00a0 Vy\u017eiadalo si to takmer \u0161tyridsa\u0165 podpisov r\u00f4znych \u00faradn\u00edkov na ministerstve zdravotn\u00edctva vr\u00e1tane sam\u00e9ho ministra. U\u017e nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed po katastrofe Magna distribuovala medic\u00ednsku a potravinov\u00fa pomoc priamo v postihnutej delte. Mobiln\u00e9 t\u00edmy na lodiach nav\u0161tevovali od\u013eahl\u00e9 oblasti, kde nijak\u00e1 in\u00e1 vl\u00e1dna alebo neziskov\u00e1 organiz\u00e1cia pomoc dovtedy nedistribuovala. V delte Irrawaddy sa pritom \u017eilo \u0165a\u017eko u\u017e pred cykl\u00f3nom. Viac ako 25 percent det\u00ed v oblasti trpelo podv\u00fd\u017eivou. Cykl\u00f3n Nargis situ\u00e1ciu e\u0161te zhor\u0161il.<\/p>\n

.zostali zabudnut\u00ed<\/strong>
Akoby musela jedna absurdita st\u00edha\u0165 druh\u00fa, miestne \u00farady za\u010dali mesiac po cykl\u00f3ne ru\u0161i\u0165 ute\u010deneck\u00e9 t\u00e1bory. Ich obyvatelia sa potom bezprizorne motali po okol\u00ed \u2013 nemali kam \u00eds\u0165. Net\u00fa\u017eili sa vr\u00e1ti\u0165 do svojich ded\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 boli zni\u010den\u00e9. Objavili sa nov\u00e9 dilemy. Ako t\u00fdmto \u013eu\u010fom distribuova\u0165 pomoc?
\u201eNebolo v\u017edy jednoduch\u00e9 dosta\u0165 sa do od\u013eahl\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm hliadkam a kontrol\u00e1m a ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 n\u00e1klad pred konfi\u0161k\u00e1ciou. Ale podarilo sa to. Aj ke\u010f sme bojovali so siln\u00fdm da\u017e\u010fom, pokazenou lo\u010fou, zni\u010den\u00fdmi mostami,\u201c komentuje situ\u00e1ciu Myatt, lok\u00e1lny koordin\u00e1tor Magna Deti v n\u00fadzi v Mjanmarsku. \u201eBoli sme radi, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017eeme pom\u00e1ha\u0165 tak priamo a adresne. \u013dudia v dedin\u00e1ch hladovali a t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed pre\u017eili cykl\u00f3n, zomierali na lie\u010dite\u013en\u00e9 ochorenia. Pr\u00edstup k pitnej vode bol ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd. Aj m\u0148a osobne prekvapili hrozn\u00e9 podmienky, ktor\u00e9 Nargis zanechal. \u013dudia zubami otv\u00e1rali konzervy a vrecia s ry\u017eou, hlad panoval v\u0161ade. Cykl\u00f3n navy\u0161e zni\u010dil \u00farodu a \u013eudia bud\u00fa hladova\u0165 aj \u010falej, lebo pre z\u00e1plavy nemaj\u00fa kam zasia\u0165…\u201c
Dodnes sa junta ob\u00e1va zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch profesion\u00e1lov a vstup do delty je mo\u017en\u00fd len na \u0161peci\u00e1lne povolenia. Ja som sa sem dostal a\u017e po viac ako \u00f4smich mesiacoch vybavovania. A ani potom to nebolo lep\u0161ie. Pred vstupom do ka\u017ed\u00e9ho mesta boli vojensk\u00e9 kontroln\u00e9 stanovisk\u00e1, takisto n\u00e1s kontrolovali pred ka\u017ed\u00fdm mostom. Z\u00e1tarasy, prehliadky, ot\u00e1zky.
Rok po cykl\u00f3ne Nargis zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa postrehy z delty st\u00e1le ve\u013emi sk\u013eu\u010duj\u00face. Situ\u00e1cia v\u00f4bec nie je stabilizovan\u00e1, v\u0161ade je nedostatok liekov, jedla a pitnej vody. Takmer rok po pr\u00edrodnej katastrofe zost\u00e1va v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina obyvate\u013eov t\u00fdchto oblast\u00ed bez pr\u00edstupu k pitnej vode. \u0160koly neboli obnoven\u00e9 a siroty a traumatizovan\u00e9 deti na\u010falej b\u00fdvaj\u00fa v buddhistick\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161toroch, kde mali ma\u0165 p\u00f4vodne len do\u010dasn\u00e9 \u00fato\u010disko \u2013 nemaj\u00fa sa kam vr\u00e1ti\u0165.
V\u0161etko e\u0161te komplikuje glob\u00e1lna ekonomick\u00e1 kr\u00edza. Napr\u00edklad pod\u013ea str\u00e1nky Refugees International maj\u00fa farm\u00e1ri v postihnut\u00fdch oblastiach probl\u00e9m preda\u0165 aj to m\u00e1lo z \u00farody ry\u017ee, ktor\u00fa sa im v\u010faka medzin\u00e1rodnej pomoci podarilo zachr\u00e1ni\u0165. Ceny na trhu toti\u017e v porovnan\u00ed s minul\u00fdm rokom o tretinu klesli, a tak sa pestovate\u013eom zn\u00ed\u017eil zisk. Teraz \u010dasto nemaj\u00fa dos\u0165 pe\u0148az\u00ed ani na to, aby si k\u00fapili osivo a hnojiv\u00e1 na \u010fal\u0161iu sez\u00f3nu. Pokles cien zasiahol aj ryb\u00e1rov, ktor\u00ed dostali od medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch charitat\u00edvnych organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed nov\u00e9 \u010dlny.
\u013dudia b\u00fdvaj\u00fa v proviz\u00f3rnych obydliach, ktor\u00e9 nevydr\u017eia ani prv\u00fd v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1\u017e\u010f. Ute\u010deneck\u00e9 t\u00e1bory sa po \u010dase premenovali na t\u00e1bory pre vys\u00eddlencov, to je v\u0161ak prakticky jedin\u00e1 zmena. Pitn\u00e1 voda je st\u00e1le nedostupn\u00e1 pre takmer dvadsa\u0165 ded\u00edn v oblasti mesta Laputta, ako aj pre desiatky ded\u00edn v oblasti Bogalay, preto\u017ee sladkovodn\u00e9 zdroje vody po\u010das cykl\u00f3nu kontaminovala morsk\u00e1 voda. Ne\u010dudo, \u017ee v tejto situ\u00e1cii pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 obavy z epid\u00e9mie cholery a in\u00fdch hna\u010dkov\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed.
Magne sa do krajiny podarilo dopravi\u0165 vy\u0161e tonu liekov, doviez\u0165 vakc\u00edny a 400-tis\u00edc tabliet na \u010distenie vody, distribuova\u0165 plastikov\u00e9 f\u00f3lie. Od m\u00e1ja do decembra 2008 sa s pomocou lok\u00e1lnych lek\u00e1rskych t\u00edmov liekmi zo z\u00e1sielky od Magny lie\u010dilo a\u017e 250-tis\u00edc \u013eud\u00ed \u017eij\u00facich v oblastiach delty rieky Irrawaddy. Lieky boli distribuovan\u00e9 na miestnych (ne\u0161t\u00e1tnych) klinik\u00e1ch a v r\u00e1mci mobiln\u00fdch v\u00fdjazdov do postihnut\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. Do delty dvakr\u00e1t vyrazil t\u00edm dobrovo\u013en\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed zabezpe\u010dovali potravinov\u00fa pomoc obetiam cykl\u00f3nu.
Smutn\u00fdm faktom v\u0161ak zost\u00e1va, \u017ee rok po katastrofe, ktor\u00e1 je najhor\u0161ou v zaznamenan\u00fdch dejin\u00e1ch Mjanmarska, sa u\u017e o tom, \u010do sp\u00f4sobila, vo svete nehovor\u00ed. Pritom obete cykl\u00f3nu st\u00e1le \u017eij\u00fa v ne\u013eudsk\u00fdch podmienkach. \u201eHumanit\u00e1rna katastrofa, ktor\u00fa cykl\u00f3n sp\u00f4sobil v Mjanmarsku, sa rovn\u00e1 p\u00e4\u0165n\u00e1sobku katastrofy sp\u00f4sobenej vlnou cunami z roku 2004,\u201c informovala v Berl\u00edne \u0161es\u0165 dn\u00ed po katastrofe eurokomis\u00e1rka pre vonkaj\u0161ie vz\u0165ahy Benita Ferrerov\u00e1-Waldnerov\u00e1. Pritom na pomoc obetiam cunami sa celosvetovo vyzbieralo viac finan\u010dn\u00fdch prostriedkov, ako bolo nakoniec potrebn\u00e9. Obete cykl\u00f3nu Nargis ostali \u010faleko za nimi…<\/p>\n

Report\u00e1\u017e Martina Band\u017e\u00e1ka bola uverejnen\u00e1 v\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>20\/2009 vydan\u00ed\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u010dasopisu t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148\u00a0
Martin Band\u017e\u00e1k je v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm riadite\u013eom Magna Deti v n\u00fadzi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/h2>\n

Cykl\u00f3n Nargis bol jednou z najv\u00e1\u017enej\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch katastrof, ktor\u00e9 zasiahli za posledn\u00e9 storo\u010die \u00e1zijsk\u00fd kontinent. Pred rokom sa prehnal cez Mjanmarsko, pri\u010dom si vy\u017eiadal viac ne\u017e 138.000 m\u0155tvych alebo nezvestn\u00fdch a takmer 2.4 mili\u00f3na postihnut\u00fdch. Potvrdili sa odhady, \u017ee takmer 40 percent obet\u00ed po ni\u010divom cykl\u00f3ne tvorili deti. Najhor\u0161ia situ\u00e1cia bola a st\u00e1le zost\u00e1va v delte rieky Irrawaddy, najm\u00e4 v mest\u00e1ch Bogalay a Labutta. Takmer rok po pr\u00edrodnej katastrofe st\u00e1le va\u010d\u0161ina obyvate\u013eov t\u00fdchto oblast\u00ed zost\u00e1va bez pr\u00edstupu k pitnej vode. Mnoh\u00e9 siroty a traumatizovan\u00e9 deti s\u00fa st\u00e1le s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou budhistick\u00fdch kl\u00e1storou, kde na\u0161li do\u010dasn\u00e9 \u00fato\u010disko. Do\u010dasn\u00e9, teda dlhodob\u00e9: nemaj\u00fa sa kam vr\u00e1ti\u0165.<\/p>\n

Do Mjanmarska Magna dopravila vy\u0161e jednej tony liekov vr\u00e1tane lie\u010dby hna\u010dkov\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed, mal\u00e1rie, dehydrat\u00e1cie, vakc\u00edny a 400 tis\u00edc tabliet na \u010distenie vody. Rovnako sa distribuovali plastikov\u00e9 f\u00f3lie. Od m\u00e1ja do decembra 2008 s pomocou lok\u00e1lnych lek\u00e1rskych t\u00edmov sa s liekmi z Magna z\u00e1sielky lie\u010dilo a\u017e 250 tis\u00edc \u013eud\u00ed \u017eij\u00faci v oblastiach Irrawaddy delta – Laputta, Bogalay, Dedaye, Mawlamziainggzun, Nga Pu Daw a v Yangone. Lieky boli distribuovan\u00e9 na miestnych (ne\u0161t\u00e1tnych) klinik\u00e1ch a v r\u00e1mci mobiln\u00fdch v\u00fdjazdov do postihnut\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. Okrem lek\u00e1rskej pomoci sa do delty dvakr\u00e1t vypravil t\u00edm dobrovo\u013en\u00edkov, ktor\u00fd zabezpe\u010dovali potravinov\u00fa pomoc obetiam cykl\u00f3nu vr\u00e1tane nutri\u010dn\u00fdch doplnkov.<\/p>\n

U\u017e p\u00e1r dn\u00ed po katastrofe Magna distribuovala medic\u00ednsku a potravinov\u00fa pomoc priamo v postihnutej delte. Mobiln\u00e9 t\u00edmy na lodiach nav\u0161tevovali od\u013eahl\u00e9 oblasti, kde nijak\u00e1 in\u00e1 vl\u00e1dna alebo neziskov\u00e1 organiz\u00e1cia pomoc dovtedy nedistribuovala. Situ\u00e1cia v delte Irrawaddy bola pritom kritick\u00e1 u\u017e pred cykl\u00f3nom. Viac ako \u0161vrtina det\u00ed v oblasti trpela podv\u00fd\u017eivou. Cykl\u00f3n Nargis situ\u00e1ciu v delte e\u0161te zhor\u0161il.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kr\u00e1\u010dam po vysu\u0161enej zemi a d\u00edvam sa na spusto\u0161en\u00fa krajinu. Nijak\u00e9 domy, zvierat\u00e1, takmer nijak\u00fd \u017eivot. Len ob\u010das zni\u010den\u00e9 stromy, zvy\u0161ky bambusov\u00fdch striech, zop\u00e1r roztr\u00fasen\u00fdch rod\u00edn. Tak vyzer\u00e1 delta rieky Irrawaddy rok po cykl\u00f3ne Nargis. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8832,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"post_country":[],"post_year":[],"post_layout":[],"post_topic":[],"class_list":["post-8830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCykl\u00f3n Nargis v Barme: rok po katastrofe - Magna<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.magna.org\/fr\/sk\/uncategorized\/cyklon-nargis-rok-po-katastrofe-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cykl\u00f3n Nargis v Barme: rok po katastrofe - Magna\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kr\u00e1\u010dam po vysu\u0161enej zemi a d\u00edvam sa na spusto\u0161en\u00fa krajinu. Nijak\u00e9 domy, zvierat\u00e1, takmer nijak\u00fd \u017eivot. Len ob\u010das zni\u010den\u00e9 stromy, zvy\u0161ky bambusov\u00fdch striech, zop\u00e1r roztr\u00fasen\u00fdch rod\u00edn. 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